Electricity, electronics and electrical engineering


Electricity, electronics and electrical engineering
Considerations related to electric charge dominate electricity and electronics. Electrical charges interact via a field. That field is called electric if the charge doesn't move. If the charge moves, thus realizing an electric current, especially in an electrically neutral conductor, that field is called magnetic. Electricity can be given a quality — a potential. And electricity has a substance-like property, the electric charge. Energy (or power) in elementary electrodynamics is calculated by multiplying the potential by the amount of charge (or current) found at that potential: potential times charge (or current). (See Classical electromagnetism and its Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism)
Electric charge
  • Torsion balance used by Coulomb to establish a relation between charges and force, see above.
For the ranges of charge values see: Orders of magnitude (charge)
Electric current (current of charge)
  • Voltage (electric potential difference)Ammeter
  • Clamp meter
  • Galvanometer
  • D'Arsonval galvanometer
  • Oscilloscope allows to quantify time depended voltages
  • Voltmeter
Electric resistance, electrical conductance (and electrical conductivity)
  • Ohmmeter
  • Time-domain reflectometer characterizes and locates faults in metallic cables by runtime measurements of electric signals.
  • Wheatstone bridge
Electric capacitance

  • Capacitance meter

Electric inductance
  • Inductance meter
Energy carried by electricity or electric energy
  • Electric energy meter
  • Electricity meter
Power carried by electricity (current of energy)
  • Wattmeter
Electric field (negative gradient of electric potential, voltage per length)
  • Field mill
Magnetic field
See also the relevant section in the article about the magnetic field.
  • Compass
  • Hall effect sensor
  • Magnetometer
  • Proton magnetometer
  • SQUID
For the ranges of magnetic field see: Orders of magnitude (magnetic field)
Combination instruments
  • Multimeter, combines the functions of ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter as a minimum.
  • LCR meter, combines the functions of ohmmeter, capacitance meter and inductance meter. Also called component bridge due to the bridge circuit method of measurement.

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